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Not necessarily. I got 214(b) in 1999 and then got an F1 to come to graduate school here the following year. So far as you didn't use any fraudulent documents or didn't commit fraud, you will be evaluated on the merits of the H1B petition and package. I was also previously on H1B for many years. H1B allows for dual intent.
If your prior 214(b) refusal was due to concerns about you returning home after your visit then this shouldn't have any impact on your H1B. As TheZealot noted above, H1B doesn't require you to have home ties to return to.
As TheZealot wrote, H1B allows for "dual intent". So unlike other non-immigrant visas like B1/2, H1B has a path to a 'Green Card' for permanent residency and there's nothing wrong with having this as your goal while on H1B. I've attended 2 H1B interviews (initial & extension/renewal) and in neither one was I asked about returning to my country of citizenship.
Well, INA 214(b) doesn't apply to H-1b, so you won't be denied an H-1b visa on the same ground. However, whatever negative factors caused your B-1 visa to be denied can still be considered in your H-1b visa application.