I was recently granted German refugee status with a travel document and, in my interview, I told them I would never go back to my home country, Iraq. Now, someone I loved died in my country.
Is it possible for me to leave and return to the Schengen area, using my Iraqi passport? Would German Immigration notice and would it revoke my refugee status?
Would I be able to use both my Iraqi passport and my German travel documents? Would the German authorities know if I did this?
If you are a refugee, as defined by the UN convention, then no, you can't return to your home country without losing your refugee status. After all, the fact that you dare to return means that 1) the situation in your country has improved so giving you refugee status isn't necessary anymore, or 2) you lied to authorities in the first place to get refugee status.
However,
there are many people who come to Germany as refugees, are not granted refugee status (as per UN convention), but are still allowed to stay for some time ("Duldung"). Reasons for this may be
If you have one of these, there might be a chance you can return after visiting your home country.
Also, there are cases when refugees returned to their home country for a short while, and did not lose their refugee status.
This article http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/fluechtlinge-machen-urlaub-in-heimatlaendern-was-an-der-meldung-falsch-ist-a-1163448.html from Aug 18, 2017 cites the BAMF (Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge, federal office for refugees) with
Anders als Asylbewerber, deren Verfahren noch nicht abgeschlossen sind, dürfen anerkannte Asylberechtigte, Flüchtlinge oder subsidiär Schutzberechtigte nach europäischem Recht mit diesem Aufenthaltstitel auch Auslandsreisen unternehmen. Reisen in den Verfolgerstaat seien kein Erlöschensgrund, könnten nur im Einzelfall zur Aberkennung des Schutzstatus führen.
in English (translation mine)
In contrast to refugee candidates, whose proceedings have not ended, accepted [refugees] according to EU laws are allowed to travel abroad. Trips to the originating country are not a reason to cancel [the status], and can only lead to revoking the protection status in special cases.
The article also says that things depend on the reason of the trip, going for a holiday is a lot more problematic than visiting a terminally ill relative.
So, if you have an important, urgent reason to travel home, you might be able to do so without losing your status. But check with an immigration lawyer first, and do not, under any circumstances, try to cheat the system; you'll be in a lot more trouble in case you're found out. And since authorities are closely watching potential ISIS supporters visiting middle eastern countries, it's almost impossible not to be found out.
Also, with the current political situation (right wing AFD gaining 15% in the elections, mostly by being anti-refugee), the government just can't afford any "I had a great time in my home country, now returned to enjoy German social security" reports. So don't expect any leniency from authorities.
A good starting point to get legal advice seems to be https://www.proasyl.de/asylberatung/ (I am not affiliated with them in any way) - they give free advice, help with finding a lawyer, and if you need a lawyer but can't pay for one, may provide financial support, backed by donations. They will advice you by phone as well as email, and they speak English as well as German. Googling for "flüchtlingshilfe rechtsberatung" will provide many other helpful links as well.
You were given refugee status because you convinced them that you couldn't go back to Iraq. So yes, if they know you went back you will likely lose your status.
As for how to cheat the government and still go, I'm not sure you'll find someone here who can give you advice on that. Most people in this site are not into cheating; and even if you got concrete advice, betting your immigration status on anonymous advice on the internet is not a good idea.
Edit: some commenters below are asking for "sources". In this document, for instance, we can read
For example, if you made false statements during the asylum procedure, the BAMF can withdraw your protection status.
The OP has said that he told the BAMF that he was not going back to Iraq. As far as I can tell, going there is not prohibitited per se, but it could make the asylum application fraudulent. I said above that it is likely that status could be lost, and it feels even more likely when Germany is actually cracking down on fraudulent asylum seekers.
An acquaintance did the same and got his refugee status revoked when he was found out. In his case the country of origin was Afghanistan and the host country was Britain. I reckon the same rules apply in Germany as well.
A recent addition to the Asylgesetz, §8(1c), says that authorities such as the police, border control, the foreigner's authority, or the social welfare office must notify the Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) if you're travelling home. BAMF then has to decide again about your refugee status.
Your refugee status will be lost if you settle in your home country ("sich dort niedergelassen hat"), among other reasons, see §72(1a) Asylgesetz. If you're only going home for a short visit, there might be a chance that you can keep your refugee status and return.
As many others have written, seek professional legal advice before you decide to visit your home country.
(I'm no legal expert. My personal advice would be: don't go, unless your reason to travel is far more compelling than the reasons why you're seeking refuge.)
Contrary to popular belief, going back to your home country indeed does not make you lose your refugee status. Not in Germany at least. Unluckily, as I personally have to say, with all respect to your personal loss
The BAMF recently (4 months ago) reported that people with refugee status going back on visits to their home lands is a phenomenon that is not at all unusual, and there is still no legal procedure for this. They explicitly stated that while they might revoke someone's individual status (probably if the trip is for fighting in war, for going to a terror training camp or such a thing?), going back to one's home country as such is generally not a reason.
