In Germany some long-distance or express trains have separate smoking compartments inside the train, and sections on the platforms where smoking is allowed - however nobody really cares where you smoke on the platform if there are ashtrays on top of the rubbish bins.
Smoking is generally prohibited in all trains and buses in Germany; train stations restrict smoking to designated smoking areas that are usually available on all platforms (though, I should note, the latter restriction is hardly ever enforced); there's a wide selection of long-distance buses available in Germany now, though while they are sometimes cheaper than trains, their stops are sometimes outside of cities, they are slower, and each bus company has its own tickets, so you sometimes need several tickets (and thus get no connection guarantee).
From my experience Germany is a bit more smoker-friendly than the rest of (West-) Europe, and last time i checked they even still allowed tobacco companies to advertise in public places, bus stops and so on. It was just recently when they passed a law that would forbid smoking in some restaurants because of health concerns for the employees who work there 40h/week or more; but about 10 years ago it was pretty much impossible to go to a pub in Germany and don't smell like an ashtray when you came out later that night.