Consider going to Macau:
It seems that the risk the OP is mentioning for not leaving Hong Kong Airport is the 2019 Hong Kong protests. While that risk is in reality pretty close to none, if you still do not wish to enter Hong Kong, then you can instead go to Macau. Macau is quite small so within ~10 hours you'll have easily seen most major landmarks.
One may get from Hong Kong to Macau (and vice versa) with the 24-hour bridge shuttle bus via the HZMB (Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge), which takes about 30 minutes. For more information, see Hong Kong Airport – Macau – Hong Kong. Door-to-door from the airport's exit door to Macau's territory should take between 60 to 90 minutes. Note that if you take the bus, you have to pass the Hong Kong immigration. ItIf that's an issue, you can take the ferry to Macau straight from the airport instead.