You've answered your own question: Travel Insurance.
You can read the fine print to make sure it covers reboookings and other incidentals due to weather/natural disaster if that's a specific concern.
Also notnote that most airlines have become very proactive and flexible in these situations allowing fee free rebooking or cancellation.
If you do find yourself in an imminent situation, such as a Hurricane, don't wait. As soon as the airline issues a travel alert and allows changes, go.
Finally, a very proactive thing you can do is just not travel to Hurricane/Typhoon zones in season.