I'm a veteran traveler and have had some lost days myself.
got kicked out of a country and had to cancel my vısa with little or no cash on hand because of credit card theft by a transport company.
got stranded in Madrid with no money, bad bronchitis and little help from individuals.
What do I say?
You can ask for help from random people, that's good, but not always useful.
My advice then?
Have a skype account or other online account with money in place with the company to make numerous needed phone calls from internet cafes, hostels or hotel business centers. Hostels are great to help you solve problems as they are used to these emergencies, from experience with their clients.
Keep important phone numbers with you in an address book, or in the cloud or with your VOIP service. This has saved me multiple times, such as keeping phone numbers of my credit card company handy.
I think people know about having a mobile phone with you when traveling, using local networks. Sometimes you can make a phone call to your credit card company fixing problems instantly.
You might want to call back to your foreign affairs ministry back in your home country and they can help direct you to the right institution locally.
Dig up that old cousin your parents know in your local country.
Keep ID securely stored on the cloud, such as passport photo pages and visa information.
Go to a big hotel chain and ask the staff for help - even if you are not staying with them. They will speak English and you can rest in the lobby and get your bearings.
If necessary, you can sometimes get an instant job as an English language teacher, server in a restaurant/bar, temp worker. Have the school, business give you money in advance. You do your work until you get on your feet financially.