On the Website of Australian immigration there is a list of travel documents needed to enter the country.
https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Ente/Goin/Arrival/Travel-Documents-for-Entry-to-Australia
Under "Travel documents required for all other travellers" (non-Australians/New Zealanders) it says "a valid passport or other acceptable travel document"
Then, under "Other acceptable travel documents", it says "Document of Identity (if holder is not an Australian citizen then a visa is required)"
What does a Document of Identity refer to in this case? I have a hard time believing every single ID document is accepted (as this would imply European ID cards as well, which I highly doubt)