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I hold a valid multiple entry Schengen visa issued by Spain, which has not been used so far to enter any Schengen country, Can I enter Romania based on such unused Schengen visa ?

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According to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "the holders of Schengen visas with two or multiple entries, national visas or residence permits issued by Schengen Member States" can enter Romania without any additional visa.

They don't mention anything about there being any problem with you visiting Romania before any Schengen country on the visa. Since Romania is not a Schengen country, they let you in on the basis of the visa in the same way that they let in US citizens on the basis that they are US citizens, and thus don't need a visa. The only limitation that they mention is that your stay is limited to the duration of your Schengen visa. I recommend that you contact them or the Romanian embassy serving your home country to be sure about this.

Please note that:

For stays longer than 90 days visitors need to need to [sic] apply for a temporary residence permit (either before arriving into Romania or at least 30 days before the 90-day "no visa" stay expires).

(Source.)

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  • The list is not needed, it's the same than that for the Schengen area itself (by law) and we know the OP does not qualify because he or she has a Schengen visa.
    – Relaxed
    Jun 7, 2016 at 9:44
  • @Relaxed Thanks for pointing that out, didn't know it was the exact same list.
    – Fiksdal
    Jun 7, 2016 at 9:50
  • In fact, Romania is in an odd situation, it has to apply most of the Schengen rules (the Schengen acquis) but is not part of the area. So the list is not only coincidentally the same, it has to track the changes made to the rules for the Schengen area.
    – Relaxed
    Jun 7, 2016 at 10:44
  • @Relaxed I see. I was actually surprised, as I had previously thought that all EU members were also part of Schengen.
    – Fiksdal
    Jun 7, 2016 at 10:50
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    @Fiksdal : i posted the same query to the consulate email id given on the webpage of Romanian Ministry of Foreign affairs and email id on the Embassy of my country. I did not receive any reply so far. I guess, to play safe , i will carry print out of the webpage which states the facts you have mentioned.
    – N.Agg
    Jun 8, 2016 at 6:30

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