No, I'm not a smoker, but some friends coming on a trip with me are, and they want to know what their options are (I suppose some of the 12+ hour journeys we have planned frighten them).
Personally, I hope it's banned everywhere, but you never know.
Let's limit it to the EU and the EEA. We can assume that most places prohibit smoking on the train, so let's hear if there are any exceptions, and which countries forbid smoking in the station (the UK is one, I believe).
I am not a smoker. But I know that I am annoyed by the smell of stinking smokers at Dutch railway stations where designated smoking areas are installed on almost all platforms. They are recognizable as iron totem pals surrounded by smoking worshippers.
I can only answer this question for a small part of the countries you're interested in.
Liechtenstein does not have its own rail service, so the Austrian respectively the Swiss rules apply here. Nevertheless there are some railway stations in Liechtenstein that are mainly served by Austrian trains. In all Austrian and Swiss trains it is strictly forbidden to smoke and the fines are quite high (some hundred francs).
Concerning smoking in railway stations there is a similar rule: It is forbidden if the railway station is a closed room. So if for example there are some underground passages you're not allowed to smoke there. But on the platform you're allowed to smoke. In Liechtenstein there are only platforms without roofs or walls, so you can smoke there everywhere.
Concerning buses, the same rule applies. Strictly forbidden in all buses but possible on bus station if they are not covered by a roof and walls.
In Germany some long-distance or express trains have separate smoking compartments inside the train, and sections on the platforms where smoking is allowed - however nobody really cares where you smoke on the platform if there are ashtrays on top of the rubbish bins.
Smoking is generally prohibited in all trains and buses in Germany; train stations restrict smoking to designated smoking areas that are usually available on all platforms (though, I should note, the latter restriction is hardly ever enforced); there's a wide selection of long-distance buses available in Germany now, though while they are sometimes cheaper than trains, their stops are sometimes outside of cities, they are slower, and each bus company has its own tickets, so you sometimes need several tickets (and thus get no connection guarantee).
From my experience Germany is a bit more smoker-friendly than the rest of (West-) Europe, and last time i checked they even still allowed tobacco companies to advertise in public places, bus stops and so on. It was just recently when they passed a law that would forbid smoking in some restaurants because of health concerns for the employees who work there 40h/week or more; but about 10 years ago it was pretty much impossible to go to a pub in Germany and don't smell like an ashtray when you came out later that night.
In the UK smoking is forbidden everywhere on the railway network: in trains, on platforms and in stations. It's tolerated outside in the street, but that's all.
In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, (also known by its nickname Holland) all trains and busses are non smoking. You can smoke at stations on special places were there is a smoking sign. If you smoke anywhere else you risk a penalty of 90 euro's.
Old question, but since it was dug up...
In France:
In Spain smoking is prohibited in all public/collective transport premises. That includes open-air stations. Usually there will be warning signs and ashtrays at the limit of the area, but not always.
It's also prohibited in closed spaces where workers can be present. This includes bars, restaurants and clubs.
