The short answer is "because it's convention". This form of signifying hours for different days of the week/holidays is used in many situations, whether parking place, store front, or on the bulletin board at the local community centre. These instances don't follow any official regulations, but trusts that the public understands the convention.
However, the Norwegian road authority (Vegvesenet) also uses this convention, and for them the regulations are written in the Norwegian laws, specifically chapter nine, subsection 18 of Skiltforskriften.
The text for 806 Tid says:
The supplementary sign specifies that the main sign only applies for
the period of time given by the hours. Black digits refer to weekdays
except Saturday, black digits in parenthesis refer to Saturday, red
digits refer to Sunday, holidays and public days of celebration.
With this knowledge you might be able to infer when this supermarket is open, including that it's closed on Sundays and other "red" days.
meny.no
"Red days" is another convention you might run into, and the road signage regulation shows an example of it. In Norwegian a "red day" is any Sunday or other (Lutheran) holiday, or public day off, and they are indeed shown in red in our calendars:
www.norskkalender.no