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I am considering travelling to Greece to compete in the Athens Classic Marathon, but I do not speak any Greek.
I will be fine once I get to the hotel as the travel provider will be onsite and transfers to the start are included, and the hotel is within walking distance of the finish line. But I am concerned about getting through customs and getting to and from the airport to the hotel.
Will I have issues in customs, or are there English speaking staff available?
You'll manage. I speak from recent experience: I completed last year's Athens Classic Marathon (which incidentally led to this question, but I digress). Unlike you I didn't book via a travel provider but arranged everything myself; I've visited a couple of restaurants outside the city center and all waiters spoke decent English. I haven't spoken more than a handful of words in Greek (more or less the list in @Graham's answer). To clarify: that wouldn't have been necessary, but to me personally it adds to my holiday experience and it's a (very minor) sign of respect/appreciation.
Public transport (including the subway that connects the airport to the city center) has all its stations published in both the Greek and the Latin alphabet, so you don't even need to learn 24 new letters. The announcements in the subway are in Greek, then in English.
Enjoy the marathon (pro tip: the last 11 km are downhill and really easy compared to other marathons), and don't forget to enjoy Athens itself as well; the marathon is during low season, so most tourist attractions are half price and less than half as busy as otherwise. And the weather is still quite nice (compared to where I live, at least).
Millions of people per year visit Greece, and I'm willing to bet that a large portion of them do not speak any Greek. It's a very popular holiday destination for English speaking people. I can't imagine you would have much trouble at all1.
Immigration and customs should be no problem. Have the name of your hotel written down in the unlikely event you get a taxi driver who can't understand where you want to go.
1. Source: My wife visited Greece for a month many years ago without knowing a single word of Greek beforehand.
am concerned about getting through customs and getting to and from the airport to the hotel. Will i have issues in customs, or are there english speaking staff available?
Living in Greece all my life I can assure you that, nope, you won't.
As a famous tourist destination almost all tourist related jobs here require some sort of proficiency in speaking English. In places like customs I believe you'd be hard pressed to find someone who doesn't speak English.
Taxis might be more of a mixed bag but the metro is always an available and less expensive option with employees that are, again, required to be able to speak english.
Finally, you can always ask around if you need anything, the younger the person, the more likely they speak English.
Note, of course, all this applies to Athens. The further you get from any city the less likely you are to encounter people who will understand English.
You should not have problems.
My recent experience in Greece (mainly in Crete, off-season):
Athens airport: no problem, English is understood, signs are also in English, personnel speak English. There is no problem in customs (like most countries: it is not necessary to know local language).
Car rental: no problem: you will have documents in English, and people will speak at minimum basic English (with accent)
Taxi: no problem, but better to have the address written down (Latin characters are fine)
Restaurants: In a small one, they will find a way to communicate with you, usually using a son/daughter, or asking an local guest to help. They also have tourist menus (with images) or they show you what they can provide.
Tourist attraction: signs, entries, prices are displayed also in English (Euro currency), most people know enough English.
Most directions on streets are also in English.
You may want to learn Greek alphabet, but not necessary. You may not be able to read all signs (e.g. pharmacy, but logo will help).
You may lose some local chatting (because you do not know Greek, and locals will often not go much further than basic English), but this may not be a problem.
You may try also with Italian, German, French, or Spanish, especially with older people.
Note: I recommend Google Translator (with offline dictionary) on phone, just if you are curious about meaning of some words, and on restaurants ask for a WiFi: the English name of Greek specialties may not say much for us, but Google Image Search helps.
A phrasebook will certainly help. So will "nee", "oki", "yassas", "efharisto" and "parakello" ("yes", "no", "hallo", "thank you", and either "please" or "you're welcome"). Whilst you can certainly expect most Greeks to speak English to a greater or lesser extent, it is profoundly rude to rock up in someone else's country without knowing even those basics. You'll get a much better response if you can at least say "yassas" in greeting before you ask "Do you speak English?"
That said, you should be fine with just English, especially in Athens.
Further afield, as with many places in the Mediterranean, it's very common to find German spoken as the dominant "tourist" language and fewer people speaking English. In Athens though you should be fine.
I have visited Athens twice on business. At the airport, everyone I dealt with spoke English reasonably enough. I had no problems at passport control, customs, etc. I had no problem getting a taxi and communicating with the driver - although I always carried with me a piece of paper with the address of the hotel.
Once in the city, again, I had no problem with transportation or restaurants - most restaurants either had a menu in English or someone who spoke reasonable English.
In short, no problem.
This is not an answer, but may be relevant:
In the days of phrasebooks, when somewhere really exotic and non-English, I would point to the phrase in the book, which also made for a lot of entertainment on all sides. These days you can do that with Google translate, then you all gather around and have a smile.
Took a holiday in Athens. The language was all Greek to me.
Had no issues being understood or understanding. Most restaurant menus are double language and there are many people who can speak English. If you go away from the touristy areas, you may find it is less easy to get by. But as long as you can get back to where you started, you're not going to starve.
Even on the subway/underground, the signs are clear and it is very easy to understand.
I've been to Greece a few times.
Not all Greeks are super good in English but for the most of time in doesn't matter as gestures etc is understood - but you should always be friendly and take your time communicating.
If you're a citizen of the EU then you will have free roaming in Greece and you can then use Google Translate to make communication easier. If your phone provider doesn't provide free or cheap roaming in Greece then you might want to consider getting a Greek SIM card ASAP so that you can do translations and also use online maps.
