Canadian passport rules follow rules similar to the US as the photo is not taken by the passport office or any government location. You must have the photo signed by a person verifying your identity in the photo. This person is one of a group of people that is generally believed to have strong ethics (there is a long list including optometrist, mayor, professional engineer, lawyer).
Make sure your photo has been taken within the last six months
Photo requirements
Your passport photos must be:
clear, sharp and in focus
taken with a neutral facial expression
eyes open and clearly visible
mouth closed, no smiling
taken in person by a commercial photographer or studio with:
uniform lighting and with no shadows, glare or flash reflections
face and shoulders to the camera: straight-on, centered and squared
a plain white or light-coloured background with a clear difference between your face and the background. Photos must reflect/represent natural skin tones.
50 mm wide X 70 mm high (2 inches wide X 2- 3/4 inches long)
the height of the face measures between 31 mm (1- 1/4 inches) and 36 mm (1- 7/16 inches) from chin to crown of head (natural top of head)
an image of your current appearance, taken within the last six months
professionally printed on plain, high quality photographic paper
we don’t accept photos printed at home and photos printed on heavy weight paper
original photos that are not altered in any way or taken from an existing photo
and also
The back of one photo must include:
the photographer’s stamp or written information of the:
date the photo was taken
name and complete address of the photo studio
So you cannot use your own photographs unless you have a photo studio business. The passport office will reject any photo that looks off or does not meet their size and quality standards.
There are further details on children photographs, size of the head in the photo, glasses, number of photos, and other details on the government website.
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-passports/photos.html